Photo: "intellectuals" micro-public
"Editor's note" on October 8, 2015, China Association for science and technology "sector congratulated TU won the Nobel Prize in medicine symposium", TU was invited to talk about their own experiences of artemisinin is found and the course of study, and expressed their best wishes. Sound recordings of meetings are sorted as follows according the intellectuals (slightly abridged without Youyou reviews):
2015 Nobel Prize belongs to China's honor, also marks the Chinese medicine research attention and recognition by the international scientific community, it is a higher recognition. Last year the "11" (Editor's Note: slip of the tongue, is actually on October 1 this year, Harvard Medical School awarded TU Albert prize), and United States universities to (I) a prize to me because (the body) health is not so good, didn't do that. (This year) released (Nobel Prize), the news, so for me it is somewhat unexpected.
The job, recalls, Academy of traditional Chinese medicine's team found that artemisinin's hard work, is exciting, because at that time the cultural revolution (times). All of team cooperation, efforts to promote the study of artemisinin, production and clinical (trial), solve plenty of work at home and abroad does not wait for the result of treatment for drug-resistant malaria problem. Malaria research to contribute to human health from Chinese medicine and combination of modern science (research) of artemisinin, which is a gift of traditional Chinese medicine to the world people.
Because of (malaria) resistance, especially in the Viet Nam war when the disease's mortality rate is far better than the number of killed, at that time, United States, and Viet Nam, on this issue (was) very nervous.
United States vigorously to work. Viet Nam and we are brothers, so they the Prime Minister put forward, I hope we (China) to help them. (Then) Army section hold head, seven provinces were later combined and done a lot of work, actually did the work of traditional Chinese medicine, but did not get a satisfactory result.
I was in 1969 to accept task, at a time when our Academy of traditional Chinese medicine are all engaged in the cultural revolution, all work stopped. But then "523 Office of" leadership with our leadership says this is an important military projects, time is pressing, so later accepted, put me in charge of leader tasks.
Of course, during the "cultural revolution" period, everyone was too afraid to try, the whole "revolution", the political (research) business is very lucky. But the difficulty is, has done a lot of work, where to start? This is a big problem.
When I entered Peking University in 1951, then a hospital pharmacy Department in the North, and after graduation in 1955, Academy of traditional Chinese medicine was built, so I went to this unit, and later studied medicine for 2.5 years.
In this way, through the national training disciplines have the opportunity to combine Chinese and Western medicine, I think (self) there is some Foundation to accept this task. However, I was (needed) to consider what to do. (I have decided) or from traditional Chinese medicines to find, there are letters from the people, private prescription, I probably got more than more than 200 drugs, so in the end, more than 2000 herbs.
Because the Academy of military science (research team) also engage in many later received 640 ingredients of a mimeographed pamphlet. At that time, I "523 Office" reporting, and also list them as a reference, because they feel that no medicine can do. We do is very difficult, not so good. Later again examined before (finally).
During the Eastern Jin dynasty, (which is now) more than 1000 years ago, of the elbow reserve emergency prescription (Chronicle) the reason is simple, that is, acts, with water lapping, drink out of the water. Later recalled we had water used in traditional Chinese medicine is fried fried, considering why so to deal with this drug? We consider, there may be temperature destruction of, and what on Earth is a proposed (ingredients), that is, there is a parts problem, there are a variety of problems.
Composite family is a big family, is a very large genus of the genus Artemisia. About 340 ad, (at that time) we old-timers are impossible to determine the varieties of plants, so (we) did a lot of work, and also establishes a proof, it is called Artemisia Annua, a, until now only containing artemisinin.
Early in May, Herba artemisiae annuae no acts, because from the plant, which no synthetic artemisinin, is a lot of artemisinic acid, have a variety of issues, have parts issues, there is harvest season issue, more are extraction problems.
From these four areas after repeated practice, (we) finally found an effective part of this antimalarial, 100% inhibition. Acts is a most Poles, the Poles do not contain artemisinin, and only a few leaves contain artemisinin.
So then, we use the Crown ether (Act), because ether boiling point is lower. But this is not so simple, using ether to move past the impurity is still more. Both acid and neutral part, acidic portion is inefficient and toxic, so remove the acid part, left over from the neutral fraction and therapeutic effect of this is at 100%.
Moreover, the time normally is this time in summer and autumn, in artemisinin in vivo to produce artemisinin, artemisinin acid and so on. Through trial and error, until our people long ago became a testing programme.
Because a lot of years to make it work, everyone to mouse and monkey malaria can accurately reflect the effect of clinical suspicion. After this, we are also moving in "523 Office" report, when all work has stopped, but the project will carry out some internal meetings, other comrades have to attend, is not confidential.
Speaking after "523 Office" ordered the drug you do better this year must go to the clinic to see exactly how it works in Hainan.
It can be said that (the "cultural revolution" period) all the work (all) stopped, also stopped, not who can complement your work. So all we can do () method, this will not detail.
(US) working overtime, and clinical cooperation also need to do more on. For patient safety, and also some different views at that time, because they are not fine.
If this year does not go to the clinic, our work well, and delayed for a year. This is a military project, so I wrote to leading reports, (that) we are willing to try, and two comrades, have three people to the hospital for clinical program, a Scout ().
Finally proves that (the drug) no toxicity, and the three of us are not much of a problem.
Second, there may be the possibility of increasing the dose, increasing the dose, and then human clinical trial service. So, this year we won 30 cases, efficacy is still pretty good. This is the first major problem, so Lasker Award mentioned, why three first studied Chinese medicine? In other words, who first got the inhibition rate of 100%, who first clinic and so on. In these terms (terms), they later did a lot of research, so this thing, why do I do, because I haven't the chance to contact, for allowing me to speak, I would like to thank everyone for the Nobel Prize had such a meeting, but I'm willing to explain this process slightly, let everyone know what is going on.
Come back, we're going to report, report every year, after the clinical meeting on, I will report results of 30 cases, was struck, many units want to do the work. That's good, we all do. Resource problems, for example, artemisinin, Yunnan, Shandong and some resources. Resources well, conditions can be simplified a little, and so on (problem solved).
So this is also a result of the joint efforts. This time, after we got back, 30 have been based, was more realistic. Chemical work to on the one hand, (the study) what the hell is this compound?
Because antimalarial drugs is not without, traditional Chinese medicine is more citrus changshan-huyou, this medicine is not effective, but its toxicity is relatively large, eat vomit, no way to come in handy. This kind of resistance, such as quinine, chloroquine. So we have done some preliminary chemical structure, molecular weight, melting point, there are four broad spectrum have done some analysis. (A) on the one hand, to extraction of active ingredients, this process is very difficult. Later, we also found some solid. After came back from Hainan Island, (people) harder to do it. Liuzhou public security bombing suspect did not
Then isolated artemisinin, artemisinin (the) antimalarial effect is 100%. Artemisinin has a little problem here, too, for what? After the take, effect is not very ideal, this is the problem, so put Hainan Island brought the film back to them, take a look at what the problem is.
Because purity is no problem of, 100% of, problem in here: film with mortar pressure are pressure not broken, because then we formulations room fundamental no participation "523" of work, they on put this show family to do, may this when on out has problem has, this when you if again delay on die, is next year of clinical period has, so we later immediately on said, acts pigment Crystal loaded to capsule inside to, we of Deputy Director immediately arrived Hainan, do has several cases, does effect is 100%. This chemical has been qualitative, stated that this is artemisinin, structure. To the back, the whole "523" big community, we all do a lot, keep this medicine, finally made the thousands of cases, our own unit for 500 cases. According to the review of new drugs do not need to do so much now, they made thousands of cases.
After the end of the cultural revolution, held in 1978, Scientific Assembly, I went to the award, is because our technology group--Group won the prize of the Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, I, in my capacity as leader, this award also in there.
In 1982, took the award for an invention, we are the first units, because at that time wrote the six units, but traditional Chinese medicine research in traditional medicine is in the first, I'll take the invention certificate back.
So until 1981, WHO knew these cases, request artemisinin from the Ministry in China held its first international, they came to 7 experts, United Kingdom and the United States, and France, we all made a report. They does also is is appreciates, said Chinese can with traditional medicine and modern science combined up, find to so a features of anti-malaria drug, and structure completely is new of, so they on we said congratulated, and they said acts pigment not General of, is increased has a anti-malaria drug, it of chemical structure also has role way are and past of anti-malaria drug not as, these experts on said this drug future of development prospects are compared good, and can which launched to new of anti-malaria drug.
In 1981 for a long time from now, up until now, this time won the Nobel Prize, which is the thing this year. Members may not know that in this area, I later wrote a book, we are interested to see.
So I on said, Nobel award is international social further of full recognized, is such a problem, certainly this award is we national of a honors, is "523" when everyone common work of Comrade are of honors, so I think this once, I such wants to, this also description has hair President said of, TCM is a great treasure, description does has many essence worth we with modern science (for research).
In the development of society, progress in the times, there are many new tools, if combined, would find some new (drug). Innovation issues, is certainly such a case.
I think that the Nobel Prize has given us a new incentive to our 5,000-year history, is on our own strengths, make, so I also urge this unit a lot I am grateful for the leadership and members a wide range of support, are interested in medicine, you can also (in) to do something in this regard. Because it does more, health problems are also more.
Of course, not only medicine for human health services, because malaria is a serious problem if the problems spread, is really incredible. So for now, because it's something easily develop resistance, WHO raised their combined, try not to become resistant.
I'm already long in the tooth now, but these are also things to worry about, there is a combination of problems, combination therapy is not to say that any added together can, has become resistant to the drug get together there will be problems.
Artemisinin is a drug of the new structure, and the advantage of strong activity, low toxicity, I think this issue over the years and failed to organize further in-depth (research). Until now, antimalarial mechanism is not clear, there was a comrade Zhou Bing, Tsinghua University, he tried very hard to do. I received the laska award back in the country, he also held a meeting, organized many units linked together, hoping to obtain funding to continue the work, but it has not been a very good development. President here today, Comrade Zhou bing is very hard, you go back and think again after.
A new drug only figured out the mechanism, can fully play its role, and I still do some of the work. Because autoimmune disease is a problem without a solution, place de la Concorde (to the hospital) after me very close, I want to be able to act as quickly as possible.
A representative of Lupus Erythematosus. I also applied for a patent, has also done some work on the almost clinical. Concord in recent years has also done a lot of work. But in the end did not continue, because of funding problems.
My patent is not for several years. Rare to have the chance to appeal. Qinghua Zhou Bing, he is (doing) medicine, but he worked hard.
Then I was selected, my greatest wish is to create a new incentive mechanism. To deepen the system reform of our country, and so on, was the Nobel Prize came, in China for the first time, the breakthrough, many young gay how to play to their ability, their strength, and form a new incentive mechanism, this is my wish.
I was old, the forces nouvelles is very important, not only is the field of medicine, there will be innovation in all areas. The day before yesterday, Beijing University--the headmaster of my old school with a lot of young gay to look at me, Tsinghua went last night. (Where) there was a student body President, is very young (student), they are not studying medicine, was irrelevant. Obviously, young people now in (to) excellence, strive to peak. (I hope) this Nobel Prize, and become a new incentive mechanism.
(Article reprinted from Rao, Lu Bai, breif history of editor in Chief of micro-signal intellectual (The-Intellectual), have been authorized. Original title: TU today at the China Association for science and technology: I have a hope)
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